dfdfg
fgd
sudo mkusb
[sudo] пароль для ***:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Usage: mkusb [input-file] # optional parameter
---------------------------------------------------------------------
d: dus , guidus, mkusb-dus - Classic, easy to use
p: Plug, mkusb-plug - New, easy to use
n: NoX, sudo mkusb-nox - original text mode
b: Bas, sudo mkusb-bas - basic text mode for old/basic linux
e: Eleven, sudo -H mkusb-11 - Old user interface
q: Quit
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Select version of mkusb (d/p/n/b/e/q) d
dus 24.1.1
p_toolsel starts here ...
----- p_persistent: make persistent live drive -----
Crude estimate of possible mkusb tools/methods to create
persistent live drive from the selected iso file:
/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
menuentry "Try or Install Ubuntu" {
Works with dus-persistent according to name, problems with secure boot
Works with dus-iso2usb according to name, works also with secure boot
Persistent live by mkusb-plug according to name, works also with secure boot
------------------------------------------------------------------
Drive that contains source file: /dev/nvme0n1
Live drive, that is booted from: /dev/nvme0n1
cands=3
sda
Generic_MassStorageClass
0B
usb
USB or memory card
sdb
Generic_MassStorageClass
0B
usb
USB or memory card
sdc
General_UDisk
29,3G
usb
USB or memory card
p_target: target=/dev/sdc
target drive size = 31 GB
Двоичные файлы /usr/share/mkusb/grub.img.xz и /usr/share/mkusb/grub-0.img.xz различаются
settings=upefi
percent=50
Prepare persistent live system from
'/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso'
to the target device (drive) '/dev/sdc'
MODEL NAME
FSTYPE LABEL SIZE
UDisk sdc 29,3G
/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
/dev/sdc
50
settings=upefi
-----
/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
/dev/sdc
50
settings=upefi
source=/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
target=/dev/sdc
percent=50
msdos=false
upefi=true
dni=false
source=/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
ls -l /home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dior dior 6343219200 мая 12 23:45 /home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
start [dus-persistent 23.1.4] @ 2025-07-28 13:00:59
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Making a USB boot drive or memory card ..........................
running operating system: ubuntu
grub_n_iso "$source" "$target" "$result"
grub_n_iso /home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso /dev/sdc
***** tu=/dev/sdc ****************************************************
selected target partition table: 'gpt'
mount: /tmp/dus.CSXby9hn99: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
target version (from iso file) 24.04
host version (where dus runs) 24.04
version 24.04 boots best with grubimg and usb-pack_efi (auto-set)
layerfs=false
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
mount: /tmp/dus.pvn2pflMOZ: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
select_boot_system: usb-pack_efi is available
select_boot_system: usb-pack_efi: using variable 'upefi=true'
item 00
drels=24.04
distr=ubuntu
'/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso' is identified as the source ISO file
<pre>
MODEL NAME
FSTYPE LABEL MOUNTPOINT SIZE
UDisk sdc 29,3G
</pre>
Using the file '/usr/share/mkusb/grub.cfg'
item 10
Clean for a GUID partition table
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N):
Command (? for help):
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc.
The operation has completed successfully.
Wipe the first megabyte (mibibyte) to get a clean boot area
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 0,181698 s, 5,8 MB/s
Wait 5 seconds and a little more ...
item 20
[Installed system in UEFI mode] or [GPT] then use 'grub.img'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selected percentage of remaining space for persistence = 50
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
partition 2 - bios_grub installing via 'grub.img'
partition 3 - fat32 boot,efi via 'grub.img' ...
62989+0 records in
62989+0 records out
258002944 bytes (258 MB, 246 MiB) copied, 13,4867 s, 19,1 MB/s
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.10
Caution: invalid backup GPT header, but valid main header; regenerating
backup header from main header.
Warning! Main and backup partition tables differ! Use the 'c' and 'e' options
on the recovery & transformation menu to examine the two tables.
Warning! One or more CRCs don't match. You should repair the disk!
Main header: OK
Backup header: ERROR
Main partition table: OK
Backup partition table: ERROR
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: damaged
****************************************************************************
Caution: Found protective or hybrid MBR and corrupt GPT. Using GPT, but disk
verification and recovery are STRONGLY recommended.
****************************************************************************
Command (? for help):
Caution: The CRC for the backup partition table is invalid. This table may
be corrupt. This program will automatically create a new backup partition
table when you save your partitions.
Problem: The secondary header's self-pointer indicates that it doesn't reside
at the end of the disk. If you've added a disk to a RAID array, use the 'e'
option on the experts' menu to adjust the secondary header's and partition
table's locations.
Warning: There is a gap between the secondary partition table (ending at sector
985086) and the secondary metadata (sector 985087).
This is helpful in some exotic configurations, but is generally ill-advised.
Using 'k' on the experts' menu can adjust this gap.
Identified 2 problems!
Command (? for help):
Expert command (? for help): Relocating backup data structures to the end of the disk
Expert command (? for help):
Recovery/transformation command (? for help):
Recovery/transformation command (? for help):
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc.
The operation has completed successfully.
partition 1 - ntfs 'usbdata'
partition 4 - iso9660 - cloned system
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 503907s % 2048s != 0s
partition 5 - ext4 - for persistence
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 12931641s % 2048s != 0s
item 30
using grub.img: keeping file system of /dev/sdc3:
item 40
preparing /dev/sdc1 ------------------------------------------------
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 3,78063 s, 277 kB/s
umount: /dev/sdc1: not mounted.
Cluster size has been automatically set to 4096 bytes.
Creating NTFS volume structures.
Creating root directory (mft record 5)
Creating $MFT (mft record 0)
Creating $MFTMirr (mft record 1)
Creating $LogFile (mft record 2)
Creating $AttrDef (mft record 4)
Creating $Bitmap (mft record 6)
Creating $Boot (mft record 7)
Creating backup boot sector.
Creating $Volume (mft record 3)
Creating $BadClus (mft record 8)
Creating $Secure (mft record 9)
Creating $UpCase (mft record 0xa)
Creating $Extend (mft record 11)
Creating system file (mft record 0xc)
Creating system file (mft record 0xd)
Creating system file (mft record 0xe)
Creating system file (mft record 0xf)
Creating $Quota (mft record 24)
Creating $ObjId (mft record 25)
Creating $Reparse (mft record 26)
Syncing root directory index record.
Syncing $Bitmap.
Syncing $MFT.
Updating $MFTMirr.
Syncing device.
mkntfs completed successfully. Have a nice day.
preparing /dev/sdc5 ------------------------------------------------
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 7,11985 s, 147 kB/s
umount: /dev/sdc5: not mounted.
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 3031736 4k blocks and 758880 inodes
Filesystem UUID: d86366f1-ac7b-498d-902a-269077a785a9
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
item 50
mount: /tmp/dus.pvn2pflMOZ: /home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso is already mounted.
fatlabel: warning - lowercase labels might not work properly on some systems
grep: /tmp/dus.pvn2pflMOZ/README.diskdefines: No such file or directory
Ubuntu or an Ubuntu family flavour
24.04
label on partition for persistence: 'writable'
tune2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
source=/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
item 60
umount: /dev/sdc3: not mounted.
mount /dev/sdc3 /tmp/dus.4sq88IGG5F
/dev/sdc3 241M 15M 226M 7% /tmp/dus.4sq88IGG5F
item 65
umount: /dev/sdc1: not mounted.
/dev/sdc1 12G 61M 12G 1% /tmp/dus.Kg6d79SbAh
use 'grub.img' so do not remove files:
item 70
UEFI Bootloader: using grubimg (template image)
item 80
Bootloaders via 'grub.img', skipping 'usb-pack_efi':
set timeout=10
set default=0
menuname: ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso
set security upgrade action to 'Display immediately'
umount: /dev/sdc4: not mounted.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_n_show:
<lt; "/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso" pv -ni2 | dd of=/dev/sdc4 bs=4096
( < "/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso" pv -ni2 | dd of=/dev/sdc4 bs=4096 && echo 'Done' > /dev/stderr ) 2>&1 || ( echo '# failed';sleep 1 )
Please wait for sync (flushing file system buffers to the device)
until 'Done' is written ...
/usr/bin/watch-flush
----- cleanup after writing ------------------------------------------
22648 pts/1 00:00:00 watch-flush
umount: /dev/sdc: not mounted.
umount: /dev/sdc2: not mounted.
umount: /dev/sdc3: not mounted.
umount: /dev/sdc4: not mounted.
umount: /dev/sdc5: not mounted.
'pv %'; 'dd final output'
22
25
26
27
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
35
36
37
38
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40
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42
43
43
44
45
46
47
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48
49
50
50
51
52
53
53
54
55
56
56
57
58
59
59
60
61
62
63
63
64
65
66
66
67
68
69
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70
71
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73
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74
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94
95
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96
97
98
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99
100
do_n_show: Work done
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To make Firefox work in Jammy & newer
apparmor.service.d/30_live_mode.conf: ConditionPathExists=
umount: /tmp/dus.4sq88IGG5F: not mounted.
mount: /tmp/dus.0xwO1iC30M: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
target's home directory: /home/ubuntu
Syncing the target device ...
item 90
Wait 5 seconds and a little more ...
<pre>
parted -s "/dev/sdc" print
Model: General UDisk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 31,5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
2 1000kB 2000kB 1000kB primary bios_grub
3 2000kB 258MB 256MB fat32 primary boot, esp
4 258MB 6621MB 6363MB primary
5 6621MB 19,0GB 12,4GB ext2 primary
1 19,0GB 31,5GB 12,4GB ntfs primary msftdata
lsblk -o MODEL,NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,MOUNTPOINT,SIZE "/dev/sdc"
MODEL NAME FSTYPE LABEL MOUNTPOINT SIZE
UDisk sdc 29,3G
|-sdc1 ntfs usbdata 11,6G
|-sdc2 977K
|-sdc3 vfat usbboot 244,1M
|-sdc4 iso9660 Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS amd64 5,9G
`-sdc5 ext4 writable 11,6G
</pre>
Done :-)
The target device is ready to use.
'/home/dior/Загрузки/OS/ubuntu-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso'
was installed
item 100
/usr/sbin/dus-persistent: line 2125: kill: (22280) - No such process
Cleanup after dus-persistent finished :-)
Cleanup after dus-persistent finished :-)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total time used [by dus-persistent] = 1315 s; 00:21:55
p_clean:
clean if necessary and return
clean if necessary and quit
Лист. 1.